Caddy reports an IPv4 peer as plain IPv4 even on its dual-stack socket, so remote_ip
192.168.64.1 matched all along. The stripping seen came from testing on Tower itself, whose
requests reach the published port as 192.168.1.130, rightly not the tunnel. From
cloudflared's network a forged Access token reaches ipx's check and is refused.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>